Tecovirimat, cidofovoir, brincidofovir and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous may be used for systemic infection. Case reports and in vitro data for trifluridine suggest a possible role in MPXROD. Historical management strategies for MPXROD include lubrication and prevention/management of bacterial superinfection in monkeypox keratitis. MPXROD may result in corneal scarring and blindness. MPXROD seems to be rarer in the 2022 outbreaks than in historical outbreaks. Smallpox vaccination may reduce MPXROD occurrence. Monkeypox-related ophthalmic disease (MPXROD) includes a spectrum of ocular pathologies including eyelid/periorbital skin lesions, blepharoconjunctivitis, and keratitis). Monkeypox causes a characteristic skin eruption and mucosal lesions and may cause ophthalmic disease. In addition to historic transmission patterns (skin lesions, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets), sexual transmission has also been theorized in the current outbreak due to disproportionate occurrence in men who have sex with men. The 2022 outbreak is of clade II (historically named West African clade), specifically subclade IIb. Observations Monkeypox virus is an Orthopoxvirus (genus includes variola and vaccinia ). This narrative review creates a primer for the ophthalmologist of clinically relevant information regarding monkeypox, its ophthalmic manifestations, and the 2022 outbreak. Monkeypox ophthalmic manifestations may present to the ophthalmologist, or the ophthalmologist may be involved in comanagement. Importance An ongoing global monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022 includes the US and other nonendemic countries. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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